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Thursday, 27 November 2014

Momentum

















Momentum


Momentum = mass x velocity                                          kgms-1 = kg x m/s
1.       A bowling ball has a mass of 10kg and a velocity of 15m/s. Calculate its momentum. 150 kgm/s
2.       A speed skater has a velocity of 15m/s and a mass of 65 kg. Calculate her momentum. 975 kgm/s
3.       A bullet of mass 0.068 kg traveling horizontally at a speed of 150 m/s. Calculate its momentum. 10.2 kgm/s
4.       The world record for bowling at cricket is 80 m/s. A cricket ball has a mass of 0.17kg. Calculate its momentum. 13.6 kgm/s
5.       A jumbo jet has a mass of 30 000 kg. Calculate its momentum at cruising speed of 300ms-1
9 x 10 6 kgm/s
6.       The Earth has a mass of 5.9742 × 1024 kg. Its orbital velocity is 29.8 km/s. Calculate its momentum. 1.73 x1029 kgm/s Jupiter has a mass of 1.8986×1027 kg and an orbital velocity of 13.06 km/s. Calculate its momentum. 2.48 x1031 kgm/s
7.       N2 has an atomic mass of 4.65173 x 10-26 kg.  Calculate its momentum if it has a velocity 500m/s 2.33 x 10-23 kgm/s
8.       A truck of mass 2kg travels at 8 m/s towards a stationary truck of mass 6kg. After the collision they stuck together and move off in the same direction. What is their common velocity?
16kgm/s = (2+6 kg)v so 8v = 16 and v =2 m/s
9.       A car of mass 2000kg, traveling at 10m/s, has a head on collision with a small sports car of mass 500kg. If both cars stop dead on colliding, what was the velocity of the sports car before the collision? Momentum after = 0 so (2000 x 10) + (500 x v) so 500v = 20000 and v = 40m/s
10.    A man wearing a bullet proof vest stands on roller skates. His total mass is 80kg. A bullet of mass 20g is fired at him at a speed of 400 m/s. If the bullet is stopped by the vest and falls to the ground, what velocity will the man move at? Momentum before = (0.02kg x 400) + 0 = 8kgm/s
Momentum after = 0 + (80kg x v) = 8 kgm/s  so 80v = 8 so v = 0.1m/s after being hit
How does your answer compare with “the movies”? They aren’t real. (but then you knew that)

Friday, 21 November 2014

Stopping Distances (Answers)


1 (a) (i) 8m 1

(ii) 8m 1

(iii) 8m 1

(b) (i) 16m 1

(ii) 16m 1

(c) Thinking distance does not depend on these

factors (brakes, tyres or steering). 1

Thinking distance does depend on speed. 1

Total 7

2 (a) 14m 1

(b) (i) Braking distance is longer. 1

(ii) Braking distance is longer (because of

skidding). 1

Total 3

3 (a) 6m 1

(b) Braking distance more than doubles. 1

Total 2

4 (a) Stopping distance = 9 + 15 = 24m 1

(b) 24/4 = 6 car lengths. 1

Total 2

5(a) Axes labelled and at least half the paper used. 1

Points plotted correctly to give y = x2 by eye. 1

Smooth curve of best fit. (NOT dot-to-dot.) 1

(b) (i) 8 ±2m 1

(ii) 30 ±2m 1

(c) Braking distance approximately quadruples. 1

Total 6

6 (a) The empty van. 1

(b) Because it has less mass. 1

(c) The van carrying bricks. 1

Total 3

7(a) Mass does not affect thinking distance. 1

(b) Mass increases braking distance. 1

(c) Stopping distance increases because braking

distance increases. 1

Total 3

Stopping Distances